Josef Matthias Hauer

Josef Matthias Hauer (March 19, 1883 – September 22, 1959) was an Austrian composer and music theorist. He is best known for developing, independent of and a year or two before Arnold Schoenberg, a method for composing with all 12 notes of the chromatic scale. Hauer was also an important early theorist of twelve-tone music and composition. Hauer believed that "the influence of the material world" interfered with "rais[ing] music to its highest, most spiritual level", and disapproved of expression of "ideas, programmes or feelings" in art, instead favoring "spiritual, supersensual music composed according to impersonal rules".