Basso profondo

Basso profondo (Italian: [ˈbasso proˈfondo], "deep bass") is the lowest bass voice type. While The New Grove Dictionary of Opera defines a typical bass as having a range that extends downward to the second E below middle C (E2), operatic bassi profondi can be called on to sing low C (C2), as in the role of Baron Ochs in Der Rosenkavalier. Often choral composers make use of lower notes, such as G1 or even F1; in such rare cases the choir relies on exceptionally deep-ranged bassi profondi termed octavists, who may sing an octave below the bass part. Bass singer Tim Storms holds the Guinness World Record for the "lowest note produced by a human".